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Contents:
Intro
Dialects
Writing
Vowels
Broad/Slender
Lenition/Eclipsis
Names
Family
Numbers
Articles
Pronouns
Bi (is)
Poss. Pronouns
Grammar
Questions
Genetive
Imperative
Adjectives
Prepositions
Verb Classes

 

 

Irish Gaelic: Verbs

There are actually quite a few classes of verbs, but Irish is much better at following their own rules than English is.

Most verbs in Irish are regular, and follow a very predictable form of conjugation. (As a matter of fact, there is a computer dictionary program for Irish that derives the conjugations of words based on their class -- you can find it here).

Verbs are usually referred to by their imperative forms (the command form -- such as sit). In addition, there are two main classes of verbs that make up a majority of the verb forms.

Class I verbs: end in -ann or -eann in the present tense
Class II verbs: end in -aíonn or -íonn in the present tense

Since the rules in Irish are actually more predictable than in English, it is relatively simple to determine the other forms of the verbs based on their present tense. Verbs in the past tense can be found by:

  Class I verbs Class II verbs
ending remove -eann or -ann remove -íonn or -aíonn
add -igh or -aigh
words beginning with consonants lenition (not l, n ,r) lenition (not l, n, r)
words beginning with vowels add d' add d'
words beginning with the letter f lenition
add d'
lenition
add d'

Future tense verbs can be created by:

  Class I verbs Class II verbs
endings remove -eann or -ann
add -faidh or -fidh
remove íonn or aíonn
add -eoidh or -óidh
words beginning with consonants no change no change
words beginning with vowels no change no change
words beginning with the letter f no chage no change

 

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Irish gaelic - Notes from a beginner
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