Chapter 6 — Particles
§52. — Adverbs
There are few simple adverbs in the Irish language. Adverbial expressions are formed by prefixing go to adjectives ; as, maiṫ, good; go maiṫ, well; these are compared in the same way as the adjectives themselves. Adverbial expressions are also formed by the combination of prepositions and nouns, or pronouns ; as, ar gcúl, backwards, compounded of ar, upon; and cúl, the back.
The following particles are only used in composition:—
A. Negative Particles
| aṁ | e.g. with | deóin | will | aiṁḋeaoin | unwillingness |
| an | " | tráṫ | time | antráṫ | improper time |
| do | " | beusaċ | well-behaved | doiḃeusaċ | ill-behaved |
| dí | " | creideaṁ | belief | díċreideaṁ | unbelief |
| droċ | " | blas | taste | droċblhas | a bad taste |
| éa, éi | " | cóír | righteousness | éagcóir | unrighteousness |
| eas | " | cara | a friend | easgcara | an enemy |
| mí | " | ciall | sense | míċiall | folly |
| neaṁ | " | claon | partial | neaṁċlaon | impartial |
B. Intensive Particles
| aḋ | e.g. with | molaḋ | praise | aḋṁolaiḋ | excessive praise |
| an | " | mór | great | anṁór | very great |
| biṫ | " | beo | living | biṫḃeo | eternal |
| do | " | brón | grief | doḃrón | great grief |
| il | " | gné | a kind | ilġnéiṫeaċ | manifold |
| im | " | lán | full | iomlán | very full |
| oll | " | glór | noise | ollġlór | bombast |
| ur | " | easḃuiḋ | want | uireasḃuiḋ | poverty |
C. Particles of various other meanings
| eis, ais | e.g. with | íoc | a payment | aisioc | repayment |
| at | " | blas | a savour | aṫḃlas | an after savour |
| cóm | " | trom | weight | coṁṫrom | equal weight |
| deaġ | " | glas | taste | deaġblas | a good taste |
| in | fit " | déanta | done | índéanta | fit to be done |
| so | easy, " | déanta | done | soiḋéanta | easy to be done |
Let the learner bear in mind the rule caol le caol, 7c . Thus, aṁ is aiṁ in aiṁḋeoin; do is doi in doiḃeasaċ; im is iom in iomlán, &c. Several of these particles have also a separate existence as substantives or adjectives.
The particles used with verbs have been mentioned previously in §35.
Grammar of modern irish - Wright - 1860