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Chapter 5 - The Noun
§37. — Irregular Verbs
There are thirteen irregular verbs, viz.: —
| bí |
to be |
gním |
to do |
| abair |
to say |
iṫ |
to eat |
| deir |
to bear |
riġ |
to reach |
| ċíḋim |
to see |
taḃair |
to give |
| cluin |
to hear |
tar |
to come |
| déan |
to do |
téiḋ, té |
to go |
| faġ |
to find |
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§38. — The Substantive Verb, Bí, to be
Imperative Mood
| Singular |
Plural |
| ... |
bímís |
| bí |
bíḋíḋ |
| bíoḋ, bíḋeaḋ sé |
bídís |
Indicative Mood - Present Tense
| Singular |
Plural |
| atáim, táim |
atámoid, támoid |
| atáir, táir |
atáṫaoi, táṫaoi |
| atá sé, tá sé |
atáid, táid |
There is another form also used, viz., is or as me, is or as tu, &c. This form is called by O'Donovan "the assertive verb." It may be called from its use the assertive present. Vid. §64.
Negative and Interrogative Form
| Singular |
Plural |
| ḃfuilim |
ḃfuilmíd |
| ḃfuilir |
ḃfuiltí |
| ḃfuil sé |
ḃfuilid |
It will be udnerstood that this form requires the negative or interrogative particles preceding, as ní ḃfuilim, I am not; an ḃfuil tú, are you? There is also a relative form of the present, namely, bios.
Consuetudinal Present
| Singular |
Plural |
| bíḋim |
bímíd |
| bíḋir |
bíṫí |
| bíḋeann, bíonn sé |
bíd |
This, with the exception of the third singular, is a regular present for bí. The third singular was also, anciently, bíd sé. It is, however, used in the modern language as a consuetudinal present.
Past
| Singular |
Plural |
| bíḋeas |
bíomar |
| bíḋis |
bíoḃar |
| bí sé |
bíodar |
Past- Negative and Interrogative form
| Singular |
Plural |
| raḃas |
raḃamar |
| raḃais |
raḃaḃar |
| raiḃ sé |
raḃadar |
There is also another form akin to this latter (vid. Zeuss), used, however, only in the analytic form, viz., baḋ, sometimes spelled buḋ, or ba. The form buḋ is sometimes, though rarely, used for the future.
Consuetudinal Past
| Singular |
Plural |
| Bíḋinn |
bímís |
| ḃíḋṫeá |
bíṫí |
| bíḋeaḋ, bíoḋ sé |
bídís |
Future
| Singular |
Plural |
| beiḋead, biad |
beiḋmiḋ, biaḋmaoid |
| beiḋir, biair |
beiḋiḋ, biaḋaíḋ |
| beiḋ sé, |
beiḋid, biaid |
Infitive Mood
do bheit
Participle
ag beith
The form ab occurs with the particles do, go, gur, &c, in a past and present signification, and also with evident propriety in some interrogatory sentences; as do'b áluin an ḃean í, she was a beautiful woman; deirim gurab é, I say it is, or was, as the case may be; ab é so an fear, is this the man?
§39. — Abair, to say
Active Voice
Imperative Mood
| ... |
abramaois, abramaoid |
| abair |
abraíḋ |
| abraḋ sé |
abraidís |
Indicative Mood - Present Tense
| deirim, abraim |
deirimíḋ, abramaoid, abram |
| deirir, abrair |
deirṫíḋ, abraíḋ |
| deir sé, abraiḋ sé |
deirid, abraid |
Indicative Moode - Consuetudinal Present
deireann mé, tú, sé, etc
Indicative Mood - Past Tense
| duḃras |
duḃramar |
| duḃrais |
duḃraḃar |
| duḃairt sé |
duḃradar |
Indicative Mood - Consuetudinal Past
| deirinn |
deirimís |
| deirṫeá |
deirṫíḋ |
| deireaḋ se |
deiridís |
Future
| déarfad |
déarfamaoid |
| déarfair |
déarfaíḋ |
| déarfaiḋ sé |
déarfaid |
Conditional Mood
| déarfainn |
déarfamaois |
| déarfá |
déarfaíḋ |
| déarfaḋ sé |
déarfaidís |
Infinitive Mood
do rádh
Participle
ag rádh
Passive Voice
| Imperative Mood |
abarṫar mé, 7c. |
| Indicative Moode |
|
| Present Tense |
deirṫear, abarṫar mé, tú, 7c. |
| Past |
duḃraḋ mé, 7c |
| Consuetudinal Past |
deirṫí mé, 7c |
| Future |
déarfar mé, 7c |
| Conditional Mood |
déafaíḋe mé, 7c |
| Infinitive |
do ḃeiṫ ráiḋte |
| Passive Participle |
ráiḋte |
The past tense, active, is not aspirated except after ní, not, nor does it take the particles do or ro before it. It is probaby a contraction of do ḃeireas, from the old verb, beirim, I say, into doḃras, and thence into duḃras.
§40. — beir, to bear
Active Voice
Imperative Mood
| ... |
bierimís |
| beir |
beiríḋ |
| beireaḋ sé |
beiridís |
Indicative Mood - Present Tense
| beirim |
beirimíd |
| beirir |
beirṫíḋ |
| beiriḋ sé |
beirid |
Indicative Moode - Consuetudinal Present
beireann mé, 7c
Indicative Mood - Past Tense
| rugas |
rugamar |
| rugais |
rugaiḃar |
| rug sé |
rugadar |
Indicative Mood - Consuetudinal Past
| ḃeirinn |
ḃeirimís |
| ḃeirṫeá |
ḃeirṫí |
| ḃeireaḋ sé |
ḃeiridís |
Future
| béarfad |
béarfamaoid |
| béarfair |
béarfaíḋ |
| béarfaiḋ sé |
béarfaid |
Conditional Mood
| ḃéarfeann |
ḃéarfamaois |
| ḃéarfá |
ḃéarfaíḋ |
| ḃéarfaiḋ sé |
ḃéarfaidís |
Infinitive Mood
do bhreith
Participle
ag breith
Passive Voice
| Imperative Mood |
beirṫear mé, 7c. |
| Indicative Moode |
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| Present Tense |
beirṫear mé, tú, 7c. |
| Past |
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| Consuetudinal Past |
ḃeirṫi mé, 7c |
| Future |
béarfar mé, 7c |
| Conditional Mood |
ḃéarfaíḋe mé, 7c |
| Infinitive |
do ḃeiṫ beirṫe |
| Passive Participle |
beirṫe |
§41. — ċiḋim, to see
Indicative Mood - Present Tense
| ċíḋim, ċím |
ċíḋíd, ċímíd |
| ċíḋir, ċír |
ċíḋṫí, ċíṫí |
| ċíḋ sé, ċí sé |
ċíḋid, ċíd |
Indicative Moode - Consuetudinal Present
chidheann mé, 7c
Indicative Mood - Past Tense
| ċonnarcar, conncar |
ċoncamar, conncamar |
| ċonnarcair, conncair |
ċoncaḃar, conncaḃar |
| ċonnairc sé connaic sé |
ċonadar, conncadar |
Indicative Mood - Consuetudinal Past
| ċíḋinn |
ċíḋmís |
| ċíḋṫeá |
ċíḋṫíḋ |
| ċíḋeaḋ sé |
ċíḋoís |
Future
| ċíḋfead |
ċíḋfimíd |
| ċíḋfir |
ċíḋfiṫíiḋ |
| ċíḋfiḋ sé |
ċíḋfid |
Conditional Mood
chídhfinn, chídhfeá, 7c.
Passive Voice
| Indicative Moode |
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| Present Tense |
ċíḋtear mé, tú, 7c. |
| Past |
connarcaḋ, conncaḋ mé, 7c |
| Consuetudinal Past |
ċíḋṫí mé, 7c |
| Future |
ciḋfear mé, 7c |
| Conditional Mood |
ċiḋfiḋe mé, 7c |
This verb wants the imperative andinfinitive moods and particple active and passive, but they are supplied by faic which ought not to be classed among the irregular verbs as it is regular in all its moods and tenses.
The present and future tenses of this verb have the peculiarity of being aspirated like the past.
§42. —Cluin, to hear
This verb is regular, except in the past tense, the infinitive mood, and participle.
Past
| ċualas |
ċualamar |
| ċualais |
ċualaḃar |
| ċualaiḋ sé |
ċualadar |
Infinitive Mood
do or a chloistin
Participle
ag cloistin
§43. — Déan, to do
Active Voice
Imperative Mood
| ... |
déanamaois, déanamaoid, déanam |
| déan |
déanaíḋ |
| déanaḋ sé |
déanaidís |
Indicative Mood - Present Tense
| déanaim |
déaneamaoid |
| déanair |
déantaoi |
| déanaiḋ sé |
déanaid |
Indicative Moode - Consuetudinal Present
déanann mé, tú, sé, etc
Indicative Mood - Past Tense
| ḋeárnas, ḋéanas |
ḋeárnamar, ḋéanamar |
| ḋeárnais, ḋéanais |
ḋeárnaḃar, ḋéanaḃar |
| ḋeárnaḋ, ḋéan sé |
ḋeárnadar, ḋéanadar |
Indicative Mood - Consuetudinal Past
| ḋéanainn, ḋeárnainn |
ḋéanamaois, ḋeárnamaois |
| ḋéantá |
ḋéantaoi |
| ḋéanaḋ, ḋeárnaḋ sé |
ḋéanadís, ḋéarnaidís |
Future
| déanfad |
déanfamaoid |
| déanfair |
déanfaíḋ |
| déanfaiḋ sé |
déanfaid |
Conditional Mood
| ḋéanfainn |
ḋéanfamaois |
| ḋéanfá |
ḋéanfaíḋ |
| ḋéanfaḋ sé |
ḋéanfaidís |
Infinitive Mood
do dhéanaimh, do dhéanadh
Participle
ag déanamh, ag déanadh
Passive Voice
| Imperative Mood |
déantar mé, 7c. |
| Indicative Moode |
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| Present Tense |
déantar mé, tú, 7c. |
| Past |
déamaḋ, deárnaḋ mé, 7c |
| Consuetudinal Past |
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| Future |
déanfar mé, 7c |
| Conditional Mood |
ḋéanfaiḋe mé, 7c |
| Infinitive |
do ḃeiṫ déamta |
| Passive Participle |
déanta |
§44. — faġ, To find
Active Voice
Imperative Mood
| ... |
faġmaois, faġmaoid |
| faġ |
faġaiḋ |
| faġaḋ sé |
faġaidís |
Indicative Mood - Present Tense
| faġaim, ġeiḃim |
fáġmaoid, ġeiḃimíd |
| faġair, ġeiḃir |
faġṫaíḋ, ġeiḃṫíd |
| faġaiḋ sé, ġeiḃ sé |
faġaid, ġeiḃid |
Indicative Mood - Past Tense
| fuaras |
fuaramar |
| fuarair |
fuaraḃar |
| fuair sé |
fuaradar |
Indicative Mood - Consuetudinal Past
| ġeiḃinn, ḟaġainn |
ġeiḃimís. ḟaġamois |
| ġeiḃṫeá, ḟaġtá |
ġeiḃṫíḋ, ḟaġṫaíḋ |
| ġeiḃeaḋ sé.. ḟaġaḋ sé |
ġeiḃidís. ḟaġaidís |
Future
| ġeaḃad, ġeoḃad |
ḃéaḃamaoid, ḃeobamaoid |
| ḃéaḃair, ḃeoḃair |
ḃéaḃtaíḋ, ġeoḃṫaíḋ |
| ġéaḃaid, ḃeoḃaid sé |
ġéaḃaid, ġeoḃaid |
Conditional Mood
| ġeoḃainn, ḃéaḃainn |
ġeoḃamaois, ġéaḃaaois |
| ġeoḃṫá |
gṫeoḃṫaíḋ |
| ġeoḃaḋ sé |
ġeoḃaidís |
Infinitive Mood
d'fhághail
Participle
ag fághail
Passive Voice
| Imperative Mood |
faġṫar mé, 7c. |
| Indicative Moode |
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| Present Tense |
faġṫar mé, tú, 7c. |
| Past |
fuaraḋ, fríṫ mé, 7c |
| Consuetudinal Past |
ġeiḃṫí, fuiġṫí mé, 7c |
| Future |
|
| Conditional Mood |
geoḃṫaiḋe mé, 7c |
§45. — gním, to do
Active Voice
Indicative Mood - Present Tense
| gním |
ġnímíd |
| gnír |
gníṫíḋ |
| gníḋ sé |
gníd |
Indicative Mood - Past Tense
| ġníḋeas, riġneas |
ġníoḋmar, riġneamar |
| ġníḋis, riġnis |
ġníoḋḃar, riġneaḃar |
| gníḋ, riġne, rinn sé |
ġníoḋdar, riġneadar |
Indicative Mood - Consuetudinal Past
| ġníḋinn |
ġníḋmís |
| ġníḋṫeá |
ġníḋṫí |
| ġníḋeaḋ sé |
ġníḋoís |
Passive Voice
| Indicative Moode |
|
| Present Tense |
gniṫear mé, tú, 7c. |
| Consuetudinal Past |
gníṫí mé, 7c |
This verb wants the other tenses, or they are formed from déan. Riġneas in the past tense is evidently a contraction of ro, sign of the past, and geanais=gníḋeas.
§46. — iṫ, to eat
This verb is regular, except in the future tense and conditional mood.
Future
| iosfad |
íosfamaoid |
| íosfair |
íosfáiiḋ |
| iósfaiḋ sé |
íosfaid |
Conditional Mood
| íosfainn |
íosfaimaois |
| íosfá |
íosfaíḋ |
| íosfaḋ sé |
íosfaidís |
Infinitive Mood
d'ithe
The regular past is d'iṫeas; there is, however, and old form duas, whch may be contracted for d'iṫeas, diṫeas, deas, duas; this is selcom used inthe spoken language, but is in the New Testament—duaiḋ eud do ṫiġesi suas mé —the zeal of thy house has eaten me up—John, ii 17; and taréis a gcuiṁealta eidir a láṁaiḃ ḋóiḃ, duadar iad, after rubbing them between their hands, they ate them.—Luke, vi. 1.
§47. — riġ, to reach
Active Voice
Imperative Mood
| ... |
riġmís |
| riġ |
riġíḋ |
| riġeaḋ sé |
riġioís |
Indicative Mood - Present Tense
| riġim |
riġmíd |
| riġir |
riġṫí |
| riġ sé |
riċid |
Indicative Mood - Consuetudinal Past
| riġinn |
riġmís |
| riġṫeá |
riġṫíḋ |
| riġeaḋ sé |
riġdís |
Future
righfead
Conditional Mood
do rochtain
§48. — taḃair, to give
Active Voice
Imperative Mood
| ... |
taḃramaois |
| taḃair |
taḃraíḋ |
| taḃraḋ sé |
taḃraidís |
Indicative Mood - Present Tense
beirim, tugaim, and taḃraim
Indicative Moode - Consuetudinal Present
beireann, tugann, tabhrainn mé, tú, sé, etc
Indicative Mood - Past Tense
| ṫugas |
ṫugamar |
| ṫugair |
ṫugaḃar |
| ṫug sé |
ṫugadar |
Indicative Mood - Consuetudinal Past
bheirinn, thuainn
Future
béarfad, tabharfad, 7c.
Conditional Mood
bhárfainn, thabharfainn, thiubhfainn
Infinitive Mood
do thabhairt
Participle
ag tabhairt
Passive Voice
| Imperative Mood |
bearṫear, tugṫar, taḃarṫar mé, 7c. |
| Indicative Moode |
|
| Present Tense |
beirṫear, tugṫar mé, tú, 7c. |
| Past |
tugaḋ mé, 7c |
| Consuetudinal Past |
ḃeirṫiḋe, ṫugṫaiḋe mé, 7c |
| Future |
béarfar, taḃarfar mé, 7c |
| Conditional Mood |
ḃéarfaiḋe, taḃarfaiḋe mé, 7c |
| Passive Participle |
tugṫa, taḃarṫa |
This verb is made up of three defective verbs—beir, tug, and taḃair. The tenses of those verbs which are used may be perceived by reading the verb as given above. The past tense is that of tug only. There is a peculiarity in the use of beirim, the present; viz. that is takes the particle do before it, sometimes expressed and sometimes understood, and then the b is aspirated as in the past tense.
§39. — tar, to come
Active Voice
Imperative Mood
| ... |
tigimís, tagamaois |
| tar, tair, tig |
tiġiḋ |
| tiġeaḋ, tagaḋ sé |
tigídís, tagaidís |
Indicative Mood - Present Tense
| tigim |
tigmíd, tigimíd |
| tigir |
tígṫíḋ |
| tig sé |
tigid |
Indicative Mood - Past Tense
| ṫángas, rángas |
ṫángamar, rángamar |
| ṫángais, rángais |
ṫángaiḃar, rángaḃar |
| táinig sé, tánaig sé |
ṫángadar, rángadar |
Indicative Mood - Consuetudinal Past
| ṫiginn |
ṫigimís |
| ṫigṫeá |
ṫigṫíḋ |
| ṫigeaḋ sé |
ṫigidí |
Future
| tiocfad |
tiodfamaoid, tiocfam |
| tiocfair |
tiocfáiḋ |
| tiocfaiḋ sé |
tiocfaid |
onditional Mood
| ṫiocfainn |
ṫiocfamaois |
| ṫiocfá |
ṫiocfaíḋ |
| ṫiocfaḋ sé |
ṫiocfaidís |
Infinitive Mood
do theacht
Participle
ag teacht
§50. — Téiḋ, té , to go
Active Voice
Imperative Mood
| ... |
téiḋmís, téimís |
| déiḋ |
téiḋíḋ |
| téiḋeaḋ sé |
téiḋdís |
Indicative Mood - Present Tense
| téiḋim |
téiḋimíd, téimíd |
| téiḋir |
téiḋṫíḋ, téiṫíḋ |
| déiḋ sé |
déiḋid, téid |
Indicative Mood - Past Tense
| ċuaḋas |
ċuaḋmar |
| ċuaḋair |
ċuaḋḃar |
| ċaiḋ sé |
ċuaḋdar |
Indicative Mood - Consuetudinal Past
| ṫéiḋinn |
ṫéiḋmís |
| ṫéiḋṫeá |
ṫéiḋṫí |
| ṫéiḋeaḋ sé |
ṫéiḋdís |
uture
| raċfad |
raċfamaoid |
| raċfair |
raċfaíḋ |
| raċfaiḋ sé |
raċfaid |
Conditional Mood
| raċfainn |
raċfamaois |
| raċfá |
raċfaíḋ |
| raċfaḋ sé |
raċfaidís |
nfinitive Mood
do dhul
Participle
ag dul
The past tense is often ḋeaċas. This form is used after ní and the interrogative a, and with go, &c.
"Haliday, the Rev. Paul O'Brien and others, make imṫiġ a form of the imperative mood of this vreb; but this cannot be considered as correct; as imṫiġim, which is a regular verb, signified I depart, not I go. In some parts of Munster and impterative of téiḋim, I go, is frequently made eiriġ (and sometimes, corruptly, teiriġ); but this must be deemed an anomaly, as it is properly the imperative of eiríġim, I arise"—O'Donovan.
§51. — Defective Verbs
The following defective verbs are used in the spoken language: —
| air sé |
said he |
| bar liom |
methinks |
| dar leis féin |
he himself thinks |
| dar leo |
they think |
| dliġṫear |
it is allowed |
| feadar |
I know; only used negatively and interrogatively, an in the present tense, ní ḟeadar mé, I do not know |
| ṫárla |
it happened |
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