title
preface
orthography
nouns
pronouns
verbs
irr.verbs
adverbs
prepositions
conjunctions
interjections
syntax
aspiration
appendix
Passive Voice
This voice is conjugated in the modern mode, by prefixing the auxiliary verb to the participle, thus — biḋ me meallta, I am deceived ; and so throughout. It is therefore expedient to confine the conjugation here to the antient mode.
Imperative Mood.
mealltar, be deceived
mealltar me, let me be deceived, mealltar ṫu, and so through the persons.
Indicative
Present Tense
| Singular | Plural |
| taim meallta, mealltar me, I am deceived | tamar meallta, mealltar in |
| tair meallta, mealltar ṫu | taḃar meallta, mealltar iḃ |
| ta se meallta, mealltar e | taid meallta, mealltar iad |
Past Tense
meallaḋ me, I was deceived, &c
Future Tense
Meallfaḋar or meallfar me, I will be deceived, &c
Potential Mood
Ṁeallfaiḋe me, I would be deceived, &c
Conditional Mood
da meallfaiḋe me, if I would be deceived, &c
Consuetudinal Mood
Present Tense
mealltar me, I am usually deceived —and so through the persons.
Past Tense
mealltaoiḋe me, I used to be deceived, &c
Infinitive Mood and Participles
do or a ḃeiṫ meallta, to be deceived
| Present | meallta | deceived |
| Past | iar na ḃeiṫ ṁeallta | heaving been deceived |
| Future | ar ti ḃeiṫ meallta | about to be deceived |
The negative and interrogative particles are the same in both voices. The negative particle of the present and future tenses indicative is ni, and of the past tense, nir, iar, or nior,; in the imperative mood it is na. The interrogative of the indicative present and future is a, an, or naċ; and of the past tense ar, naċar, or nar. The influences of these particles on aspiration shall be noticed hereafter.
The following particles are signs of the potential mood — ba, ma if, go until, mur unless. Go and gur, followed by buḋ or fa, form the optative sign; as go, or gur fa, or ḃiḋ, meallta ḃeiḋir may you be deceived.
Affirmative particles are mar as, gur, go, do, that; a who—do and a are also signs of the infinitve mood.
Impersonal Verbs
Impersonal verbs have passive terminations in the several moods and tenses, thus—
Imperative Mood
| luaḋṫar | let it be reported | |
| Indic. Pres. | luaḋṫar | it is reported |
| Past. | lauḋaḋ | it was reported |
| Fut. | luaḋfar | it will be reported |
| Potentional Mood | ||
| lauḋfaiḋe, it would be reported | ||
| Consuetudinal Mood | ||
| Lauḋṫaoiḋ, it is usually reported | ||
I shall present here an abstracts of the onjucation of a reflected verb from Neilson, as it exhibits much of the peculiar idiom of the language—it partakes of the character of neuter, and is incapable of being inflected in the passive voice.
Codail, sleep
Imperative Mood
| Singular | Plural |
| codlamaoid, buimid nar gcodlaḋ | |
| codail, bi do ċodlaḋ, sleep though | codlaiḋe, biḋ siḃ ḃur gcudlaḋ |
| codlaḋse, bi se na ċodlaḋ, let him sleep | codlaḋ siad, bioḋ siad na gcodlaḋ. |
The infinitive mood and participles are not peculiar.
Indicative Moode - Present tense
| codlaim, ta me mo ċodlaḋ, I sleep | codlamaoid, tamaoid mar gcodlaḋ |
| codlain tu, ta tu do ċodlaḋ | codlain siḃ, ta siḃ ḃur gcodlaḋ |
| codlain se, ta se na ċodlaḋ | codlain siad, ta siad na gcodlaḋ |
In a similar manner are the past and future tenses
of this mood, and the other moods, &c. conjugated ;
combining the proper mood and tense of the auxiliary
verb, and the proper pronoun, with the infinitive mood,
to express each mood, tense, and person of the reflected
verb.
grammar of the irish language—mason—1842